Arpad Elo
Arpad Elo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Élő Árpád Imre August 25, 1903 |
| Died | November 5, 1992 (aged 89) Brookfield, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Nationality |
|
| Alma mater | University of Chicago |
| Known for | Elo rating system |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | Marquette University |
Arpad Emmerich Elo (né Élő Árpád Imre [1][2] August 25, 1903 – November 5, 1992) was a Hungarian-American physics professor who created the Elo rating system for two-player games such as chess.
Born in Egyházaskesző, Kingdom of Hungary, he moved to the United States with his parents in 1913. He obtained his BSc and MSc degrees in 1925 and 1928, respectively, both from the University of Chicago,[3] where he also played chess in the Chicago Chess League.[4] Starting from 1926 until his retirement in 1969, he was a physics instructor at Marquette University in Milwaukee. By the 1930s he was the strongest chess player in Milwaukee, at the time one of the nation's leading chess cities. He won the Wisconsin State Championship eight times,[5] and was the 11th person inducted into the World Chess Hall of Fame.
Death
[edit]Elo died of a heart attack at his home in Brookfield, Wisconsin, on November 5, 1992.[6]
The Elo rating system
[edit]Elo is known for his chess player rating system. The original player rating system was developed in 1950 by Kenneth Harkness, the Business Manager of the United States Chess Federation. By 1960, using the data developed through the Harkness Rating System, Elo developed his own formula which had a sound statistical basis and constituted an improvement on the Harkness System. The new rating system was approved and passed at a meeting of the United States Chess Federation in St. Louis in 1960.
In 1970, FIDE, the World Chess Federation, agreed to adopt the Elo Rating System. From then on until the mid-1980s, Elo himself made the rating calculations. At the time, the computational task was relatively easy because fewer than 2000 players were rated by FIDE.
FIDE reassigned the task of managing and computing the ratings to others, excluding Elo. FIDE also added new "Qualification for Rating" rules to its handbook awarding arbitrary ratings (typically in the 2200 range, which is the low end for a chess master) for players who scored at least 50 percent in the games played at selected events, such as named Chess Olympiads.[7][8]
Books
[edit]- The Rating of Chess Players, Past and Present (First Edition 1978, Second Edition 1986), Arco. ISBN 0-668-04721-6
References
[edit]- ^ "Veszprém megyei életrajzi lexikon – ÉLŐ Árpád Imre". Archived from the original on August 18, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2006.
- ^ Romániai Magyar Szó, 2003. augusztus 26. Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Bulletin of Marquette University. 1938. p. 14.
- ^ "1982 Badger Chess Interview with Arpad Elo - Part 1". Retrieved August 25, 2024.
- ^ Andrew Soltis, "What's Your Elo?", Chess Life, July 1993, p. 19.
- ^ "Chess rating developer dies of heart attack at 89". The Capital Times. Associated Press. November 6, 1992. p. 1B. Retrieved July 8, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ 03. African Team Championships Archived March 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, FIDE Handbook
- ^ D.V.02. Asian Cities Championship Archived March 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, FIDE Handbook
External links
[edit]- Arpad Elo player profile and games at Chessgames.com
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1903 births
- 1992 deaths
- 20th-century American mathematicians
- 20th-century American physicists
- 20th-century Hungarian chess players
- 20th-century Hungarian physicists
- American chess players
- American statisticians
- Chess theoreticians
- Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to the United States
- Hungarian chess players
- Marquette University faculty
- Sportspeople from Milwaukee
- 20th-century American chess players