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Billingsgate Fish Market

Coordinates: 51°30′23″N 0°0′51″W / 51.50639°N 0.01417°W / 51.50639; -0.01417
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Billingsgate Market in 2010

Billingsgate Fish Market is the United Kingdom's largest inland fish market. It takes its name from Billingsgate, a ward in the south-east corner of the City of London, where the riverside market was originally established. In its original location in the 19th century, Billingsgate was the largest fish market in the world.[1] The current market is located off Trafalgar Way in Poplar, east London - at the eastern end of the North Dock of the West India Docks.

History

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City of London

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Billingsgate, etc. Act 1698
Act of Parliament
Parliament of England
Long titleAn Act for making Billingsgate a Free Market for Sale of Fish.
Citation10 Will. 3. c. 13
(Ruffhead: 10 & 11 Will. 3. c. 24)
Dates
Royal assent4 May 1699
Commencement10 May 1699
Other legislation
Amended byStatute Law Revision Act 1867
Repealed bySea Fisheries Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c. 45)
Status: Repealed
Text of statute as originally enacted
The original open air Billingsgate Fish Market in the early 19th century. Boats delivered fish to this small inlet of the Thames and business was conducted on the quayside.
J. B. Bunning's 1852 Billingsgate Market building, which lasted for about 20 years before being redeveloped.
Colour photo of Billingsgate Market, about 1908

Billingsgate Wharf, close to Lower Thames Street, became the centre of a fish market during the 16th and 17th centuries but did not become formally established until the Billingsgate, etc. Act 1698 (10 Will. 3. c. 13).[2]

In 1850, the market, according to Horace Jones, "consisted only of shed buildings ... The open space on the north of the well-remembered Billingsgate Dock was dotted with low booths and sheds, with a range of wooden houses with a piazza in front on the west, which served the salesmen and fishmongers as shelter, and for the purposes of carrying on their trade." In that year the market was rebuilt to a design by J. B. Bunning, the City architect.[3]

Bunning's building was soon found to be insufficient for the increased trade, and in 1872 the Corporation obtained an act of Parliament[which?] to rebuild and enlarge the market, which was done to plans by Bunning's successor as City architect Sir Horace Jones. The new site covered almost twice the area of the old, incorporating Billingsgate Stairs and Wharf and Darkhouse Lane. Work began in 1874, and the new market was opened by the Lord Mayor on 20 July 1877. The new buildings, Italianate in style, had on their long frontages towards Thames Street the river, a pedimented centre and continuous arcade, flanked at each end by a pavilion tavern. The general market, on a level with Thames Street, had an area of about 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2), and was covered with louvre glass roofs, 43 feet (13 m) high at the ridge. A gallery 30 feet (9.1 m) wide was allocated to the sale of dried fish, while the basement served as a market for shellfish.[3] Electric lighting was also furnished in November 1878 via 16 Jablochkoff Candles.[4]

The opening of the railways changed the nature of the trade, and by the late nineteenth century most of the fish arrived at the market via the Great Eastern Railway.[3]

The infamously coarse language of London fishmongers made "Billingsgate" a byword for crude or vulgar language.[5] One of its earliest uses can be seen in a 1577 chronicle by Raphael Holinshed, where the writer makes reference to the foul tongues of Billingsgate oyster-wives. The market is depicted during Tudor times in Rosemary Sutcliff's 1951 children's historical novel The Armourer's House. The writer George Orwell worked at Billingsgate in the 1930s, as did the Kray twins in the 1950s.

Poplar

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In 1982, the fish market was relocated to a new 13-acre (53,000 m2) building complex on the Isle of Dogs in Poplar, close to Canary Wharf and Blackwall. The freehold owner of the site is the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, but the City of London Corporation still runs the market; they pay an annual ground rent stipulated in an agreement between the two councils as "the gift of one fish".[6] Most of the fish sold through the market now arrives there by road, from ports as far afield as Aberdeen and Cornwall.

Billingsgate Market is open from Tuesday to Saturday. Trading commences at 4 a.m. and finishes at 8:30 a.m. Security for the market is provided by the private Market Constabulary.[7]

Traditionally, the only people allowed to move fish around the market were licensed fish porters. The role dates back at least to Henry VIII, and was officially recognised by the Corporation of London in 1632. In 2012, a bitter battle was fought between modernisers and traditionalists. The modernisers won and the role of the porters ended.[8]

Future

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In early 2019, the City of London Corporation's main decision-making body, the Court of Common Council, proposed that Billingsgate, New Spitalfields Market and Smithfield Market should move to a new consolidated site in Dagenham Dock.[9] A formal planning application was made in June 2020,[10] and received outline permission in March 2021. The new consolidated market was expected to become operational in 2027/2028,[11] when the Billingsgate Market site would be available for redevelopment.

However, in November 2024, the council announced it did not intend to proceed with these plans as they were no longer economically viable; instead, Billingsgate Fish Market and Smithfield Market would close in or after 2028 with no replacements.[12]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Dunton, Larkin (1896). The World and Its People. Silver, Burdett. p. 24.
  2. ^ 'William III, 1698: An Act for making Billingsgate a Free Market for Sale of Fish. [Chapter XIII. Rot. Parl. 10 Gul. III. p.3. n.4.]', Statutes of the Realm: volume 7: 1695–1701 (1820), pp. 513–514. Accessed 9 March 2007
  3. ^ a b c Henry, Henry B. (1891), London Past and Present: Its History, Associations and Traditions, London: John Murray, p. 182
  4. ^ Parsons, R H (1947). History of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. p. 183.
  5. ^ Word of the Day Archive - Monday June 12, 2006 accessed 21 May 2007
  6. ^ Shaffi, Sarah (28 July 2011). "Billingsgate Market rent paid in fish". East London Advertiser. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  7. ^ "Billingsgate Market > About Billingsgate". City of London website. City of London. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  8. ^ "The Fish Market: Inside Billingsgate. BBC. Retrieved 30 May 2012
  9. ^ Tobin, Olivia (28 April 2019). "Historic Smithfield Market to move as preferred new location revealed". www.standard.co.uk.
  10. ^ Garner-Purkis, Zak (3 June 2020). "City of London lodges plans to move historic markets to Dagenham". Construction News. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  11. ^ "Our plans for the City's three historic food markets". Markets Co-location Programme. City of London Corporation. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  12. ^ "Smithfield and Billingsgate: Meat and fish markets to close". BBC News. 26 November 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
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51°30′23″N 0°0′51″W / 51.50639°N 0.01417°W / 51.50639; -0.01417

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