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Akizuki Tanezane

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In this Japanese name, the surname is Akizuki.
Akizuki Tanezane
秋月 種実
Head of Akizuki clan
In office
1564–1596
Preceded byAkizuki Fumitane
Succeeded byAkizuki Tanenaga
Personal details
Born1548
DiedNovember 16, 1596(1596-11-16) (aged 47–48)
ChildrenAkizuki Tanenaga
Parent
  • Akizuki Fumitane (father)
Military service
AllegianceAkizuki clan
Mōri clan
Shimazu clan
Toyotomi clan
RankDaimyō
CommandsOguma Castle
Battles/warsBattle of Yasumimatsu (1567)
Siege of Iwaya Castle (1585)
Siege of Tachibana castle (1586)
Kyushu Campaign (1587)

Akizuki Tanezane (秋月 種実, 1548 – November 16, 1596) was a samurai warrior and daimyo in 16th century Japan. He was a member of the Akizuki clan from Chikuzen Province, son of Akizuki Fumitane; his father was defeated by the Ōtomo clan.[1] in 1564.

Biography

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Following his father death by Otomo, Akizuki Tanezane sought assistance from the Mōri clan. Following the defeat of the Mōri in northern Kyushu at the hands of the Ōtomo, the Akizuki turned to the Shimazu clan for assistance. In 1567, Tanezane, has manage to recapture the castle of Mount Kosho from the Ōtomo clan and made his intention clear to fight against them. In response, Sorin sent Tachibana Dōsetsu, Usuki Akisumi, and Yoshihiro Akimasa with 20,000 soldiers on August 14 to punish Tanezane. The Ōtomo army first engaged the Akizuki clan forces at the Battle of Amamizu and Haseyama (also known as the Battle of Uryuno) on August 14, and on the 15th, and captured Ojo, a branch castle of Yasumimatsu Castle, causing the commander of the castle, Moromasa Sakata, to commit suicide.[2]

Dōsetsu then stationed his army around Yasumomatsu castle, in preparation to capture Mount Kosho Castle. However, the castle was defended firmly and the siege dragged on. Subsequently, rumors circulated that a huge Mōri clan army in Chugoku region planned to invade Ojo, which prompted the Ōtomo forces to withdraw from the siege of Mount Kosho. Later, the Ōtomo army abandonned Yasumimatsu castle and began retreating in the morning of September 3. In response, Tanezane decided to sally out to give chase against the withdrawing Ōtomo army by dividing his 12,000 troops into four groups under the command of Kankage Intosho, Sanehisa Uchida Zenbei, over 3,000 cavalry, and Ayabe Suruga no Kami, over 5,000 cavalry. Dōsetsu already anticipated this movement by leading a rearguard with 3,000 soldiers with the assistance of his lieutenants, Bekki Shigetsura, Ono Shizuyuki, and Korenobu Yufu, with each of them leading 500 to 600 cavalry.[3][2]

During this attack, at first the assault forces of Tanezane manage to inflict losses as they killed one of Dōsetsu's most trusted generals, Koretada Totoki. However, the rearguard detachment of Dōsetsu managed to reverse the situation and inflicted heavy losses upon Tanezane troops, forcing them to retreat. Later at night, Tanezane once again launched an assault this time with 4,000 soldiers in a night raid. The unexpected night attack by the Akizuki forces threw the Ōtomo army into chaos, and they suffered heavy losses with the total number of casualties being over 400, throwing the latter's force into panic. Dōsetsu managed to return order onto his troops and organize a retreat, however, Tanezane order his troops to pursue the fleeing Dōsetsu further, as they continued to pursue them as far as Chikugo Yamakuma Castle, forcing the Ōtomo army to suffer even more casualties.[2] Many of Dōsetsu's clansmen were killed in this battle, such as Bekki Akitaka, Bekki Chikashige, Bekki Chikamune.[4]

In 1569 Dōsetsu captured the Yamakuma Castle from Tanezane during autumn.[5]: 62 [6]

In 1578 In December 11–13, Tanezane worked together with Tsukushi Hirokado and Ryūzōji Takanobu to invade Chikuzen, while Dōsetsu and his army worked hard to defend those territories.[7]

In 1579 of mid January, Dōsetsu participated in the second Ōtomo invasion of Tsukushi province and Dazaifu town against the Akizuki clan, forcing Akizuki Tanezane to abandon his siege of Takatoriyama Castle. After that, Dōsetsu besieged the Iwaya castle for the second time.[8][9][10][11][12] In March, Dōsetsu besieged the Iwaya castle for the third time subsequently with some clashes against the forces of Akizuki Tanezane.[13][14][15][16][17] Following that, Dōsetsu engaged against Akizuki clan forces in the battle of Yatake, Chikuzen province.[18] In July 27, Dōsetsu repulsed a joint attack from Tanezane and Harada Nobutane.[19]

In 1580, from November 3 until December, Dōsetsu fought against the forces of Akizuki Tanezane and Munakata Ujisada respectively.[20][21]

In 1581, Dōsetsu participated in the several engagements across against Akizuki Tanezane. First, Dōsetsu fought against Tanezane and Ujisada in the battle of Koganebara,[22] which was recorded in history as the largest military engagement ever happened in Kurate until at that time.[23] In this battle, Dōsetsu has inflicted a crushing defeat on his enemies, which left the territories under the control of Ujisada vulnerable to further incursions by Dōsetsu's army.[24] Later, Dōsetsu fought against Tanezane again in Shimizuhara, and Takatori castle.[25][26] In July 27, Dōsetsu and Shigetane Shigetane fought against Tsukushi Hirokado and Akizuki Tanezane in the second battle of Dazaifu Kanzeon-ji. It is in this battle that, Takahashi Munetora, who will be known as Tachibana Muneshige, saw his first notable action.[27][28]

On April 16, 1582, during the Battle of Iwato against the combined forces of 2,000 from the Akizuki, Harada, and Munakata clans, Dōsetsu led a 500-strong ambush force and surrounded his 1,000-strong main force. 300 of Muneshige's troops launched a surprise attack from the side with guns, while the remaining 200 soldiers were led by Komono Masutoki, who set up a false flag to make it look like reinforcements from the Otomo clan were coming, and finally managed to lift the siege. Muneshige then led 1,000 cavalry including Komono Masutoki, Korenobu Yufu, and Shigeyuki Ono, eliminating 300 of the Harada general's troops, Kasa Okinaga, who had built a fort at Iwatosho Kubeno, killing 150 of them, and pursuing them west to Sawara County, where he burned down Harada Chikahide's Sawara Castle.[29][30][31][32] On November 6, Dōsetsu marched to Kama and Honami along with Muneshige and, and Shigetane. While on their way to the rescue of Kutami Akiyasu, the Tachibana and Takahashi forces received information that Akiyasu had safely retreated after fighting Akizuki Tanezane and Monjūjo Munekage (the great uncle of Munekage) in the Battle of Haratsuru, so they retreated. However, Tanezane forces turns out still pursuing them. Both fierce battles resulted in over 1,000 casualties, including over 300 casualties from Tachibana and Takahashi, and 760 for the Akizuki clan.[a]

In 1585, Tanezane supported the Shimazu in an offensive against the Ōtomo at the Siege of Iwaya Castle.[citation needed] Later, Tanezane participated in anti-Ōtomo alliance invasion led by Ryūzōji Ieharu. With a total army of 30,000, the alliance attacked Kurume.[40][41] The Ōtomo forces led by Tachibana Dōsetsu and Takahashi Shigetane manage to score a series of victories over the numerically superior allied focers with a combination of brilliant maneuvers and tactics in three separate battles:[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] in the end, the alliance siege against the town failed.[48]

In 1586, he and Shimazu Yoshihisa marched to attack Otomo's Tachibana castle.

In 1587, he fought with Shimazu against Toyotomi Hideyoshi in Kyūshū, an island of Japan.[49]

In 1596, Tanezane was succeeded by his son Tanenaga.[49] After the Battle of Sekigahara, Tanenaga was transferred to Takanabe han (in Hyuga, 20,000 koku).

Appendix

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ ^ The Tachibana side referred to this battle as the Battle of Junnohara (also called the Third Battle of Kama and Honami, the Battle of Junnohara, or the Second Battle of Yagiyama-Ishizaka (a battle that took place at the Dainichi-ji entrance on the Yagiyama Ishizaka road in Honami County, a different battle from the Second Battle of Dazaifu Kanzeonji and the Second Battle of Dazaifu Ishizaka in Ishizaka, Dazaifu City on July 27 of the same year)), while the Akizuki side referred to it as the Battle of Yagiyama.[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]

References

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  1. ^ "秋月種実". Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2007-04-10.
  2. ^ a b c 海上知明 (2022). 地政学で読み解く日本合戦史 (in Japanese). 株式会社ＰＨＰ研究所. p. 69. ISBN 978-4569852980. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  3. ^ Tetsuo Kawamura (2003). 筑後争乱記 蒲池一族の興亡 [Chikugo War Chronicles Rise and fall of the Kamachi clan] (in Japanese). 海鳥社. p. 113. ISBN 9784874154281.
  4. ^ Yanagawa City History Editorial Committee (1997). 柳川歴史資料集成第2集 柳河藩享保八年藩士系図･下 [Yanagawa Historical Materials Collection Vol. 2 Yanagawa domain Kyoho 8th year feudal samurai genealogy, Part 2] (in Japanese). Yanagawa City. Retrieved 14 May 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ 井樓纂聞 梅岳公遺事 (in Japanese). Niigata University Library. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  6. ^ 『豊前覚書』（二）豊州芸州御戦ひの次第 P.74~75
  7. ^ Nakano Anai (2012, pp. 12–13)
  8. ^ 『井樓纂聞 梅岳公遺事』 p.83~84
  9. ^ 吉永正春『筑前戦国史』 p.106~109
  10. ^ Kuwata 2016, pp. 87.
  11. ^ 『筑後将士軍談』 卷之第十一 岩屋合戦関内記勇戦之事 P.299~300
  12. ^ Nakano Anai (2012, pp. 54)
  13. ^ 『井樓纂聞 梅岳公遺事』 p.85
  14. ^ 吉永正春『筑前戦国史』 p.109~110
  15. ^ 二日市の戦い
  16. ^ 『柳河戦死者名譽錄』（一五）筑前鍬摺 天正七年 三月十三日 P.10
  17. ^ 『筑後将士軍談』 卷之第十二 豊後勢與秋月筑紫挑戦之事 P.317
  18. ^ 『井樓纂聞 梅岳公遺事』 p.85~86
  19. ^ 吉永 正春 (2009, p. 119)
  20. ^ 龍ヶ城夜襲之事「岩屋城結束強化の契機となった。北原鎮久の誅殺」
  21. ^ 『井樓纂聞 梅岳公遺事』 p.121
  22. ^ 直方市教育委員会 (1987). 筑前鷹取城跡 福岡県直方市大字頓野・永満寺所在中・近世城郭の調查 · Volume 1 (in Japanese). 直方市教育委員会. p. 7. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  23. ^ Masato Fujino (2011, p. 66)
  24. ^ Masato Fujino (2011, p. 69)
  25. ^ Kuwata 2016, pp. 164–465.
  26. ^ 『筑後将士軍談』 卷之第十三 小金原合戦之事 P.351~353
  27. ^ Nakano Anai (2012, p. 47)
  28. ^ 『井樓纂聞 梅岳公遺事』 p.87
  29. ^ Banri Hoashi (1835, pp. 124)
  30. ^ Yoshinaga Masaharu (2009, pp. 165~167)
  31. ^ 『柳河戦死者名譽錄』（二二）筑前岩門庄久邊野 天正十年 四月十六日 P.12
  32. ^ Nakano Anai (2012, p. 64)
  33. ^ Banri Hoashi (1835, pp. 104–105)
  34. ^ Banri Hoashi (1835, pp. 126~128)
  35. ^ Masato Fujino (2011, pp. 88–89 Buzen Memorandum (5) Details of the Siege of Tachibana Castle)
  36. ^ 『柳河戦死者名譽錄』（二〇）筑前潤野原 天正九年 十一月六日 P.12
  37. ^ Yoshinaga Masaharu (2009, pp. 138–139)
  38. ^ Nakano Anai (2012, pp. 58–59)
  39. ^ Kazutada 1926, p. 371.
  40. ^ a b Kazusada Yano; Yoshinaga masaharu (1927). "筑後国史 : 原名・筑後将士軍談 上巻" [History of Chikugo: Original name: Military stories of Chikugo generals, Volume 1]. 筑後遺籍刊行会 (in Japanese). pp. 423~428. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  41. ^ a b Yoshinaga 1977, pp. 198~200.
  42. ^ 久留米高良山合戦
  43. ^ 久留米市史 第6巻 [Kurume city history; Vol.6] (in Japanese). Kurume City History Editorial Committee. 1981. p. 62. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  44. ^ Banri Hoashi (1835, p. 143)
  45. ^ 吉永正春『筑前戦国史』道雪、紹運、筑後出陣 p.199
  46. ^ "『筑後将士軍談』 卷之第十五 黒木落城付所々軍之事 P.418~421". Archived from the original on 2022-07-18. Retrieved 2022-07-18.
  47. ^ "『柳川市史』史料編Ｖ近世文書（後編）118 由布文書 (5) 戸次鑑連(道雪)感状写 於今度古所山最前攻登、小者一人被疵候、粉骨之次第感悅候、必以時分可顕志候、恐々謹言、七月十九日、由布源五左衛門尉殿 雪下事 338頁". 1997. p. 14.
  48. ^ 吉永 正春 (2009, p. 200)
  49. ^ a b •?‰Æ‰Æ“` Q?Hœžž

Bibliography

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This article incorporates text from OpenHistory.

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