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Coordinates: 51°9′56″N 0°57′58.48″W / 51.16556°N 0.9662444°W / 51.16556; -0.9662444
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Alton line
A South West Trains Class 450 at Bentley station in November 2007
Overview
StatusOperational
OwnerNetwork Rail
LocaleSouth East England
Stations6
Service
TypeBranch line, heavy rail
SystemNational Rail
ServicesRail connection from South West Main Line to Mid Hants Watercress Railway
Operator(s)South Western Railway
Depot(s)Farnham Traincare Depot
Rolling stockClass 450
Class 444
History
Opened1852
Technical
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification750 V DC third rail
Operating speed70 mph (110 km/h) maximum
Route map

The Alton line is a railway line in Hampshire and Surrey, England, operated by South Western Railway; it is a relatively long branch of the South West Main Line.

The branch leaves the main line at Pirbright Junction to the west of Brookwood station, Surrey, then turns to the south-west. The route crosses and recrosses the Surrey/Hampshire border, serving the towns of Aldershot and Farnham, before reaching its present-day terminus at Alton in East Hampshire. The line originally continued west to Winchester; the section between Alton and New Alresford is preserved as the heritage Watercress line.

The Alton line was electrified (750 V DC third rail) during the late inter-war years by Southern Railway. Steam trains connected to the Mid Hants Watercress Railway (by way of rolling stock supply or special excursion) operate on the line.

Route

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Infrastructure

[edit]

The Alton line is a standard-gauge railway line in South East England. It runs for 17 miles 29 chains (27.9 km) from the South West Main Line at Pirbright Junction in Surrey to Alton in Hampshire.[1][2] The line is electrified using the 750 V DC third-rail system[3] and is double track between Pirbright Junction and Farnham.[1][2] Between Farnham and Alton, there is an 8 mi (13 km) single-track section,[2][3] although trains may pass at Bentley station.[2][4] The entire line is controlled by Woking Area Signalling Centre;[3] the signalling system uses track circuits, with the exception of the Aldershot station area, which uses the absolute block method. The maximum permitted speed on the line is 70 mph (110 km/h) and passenger trains from Alton typically reach Brookwood on the South West Main Line in around 30-35 minutes.[3]

At Pirbright Junction, a flyover allows trains heading from Alton towards London to pass over all four tracks of the South West Main Line.[5] There are two additional junctions with National Rail lines: Ash Vale Junction allows trains to access the Ascot–Ash Vale line and Aldershot North Junction allows trains to access the spur towards the North Downs Line.[5] At the southern end of the line, the connection to the Watercress Line, a heritage railway, is fully signalled.[6]

There are two tunnels on the Alton line: the longest is the 418 yd (382 m) Foxhills Tunnel, between Pirbright Junction and Ash Vale, which runs beneath Pirbright Common;[4][7] the shorter 76 yd (69 m) Aldershot Tunnel, between Ash Vale and Aldershot, passes under Redan Hill.[4][8] The Alton line crosses the Basingstoke Canal twice: at Ash Vale and Aldershot Railway Bridges.[8][9] The level crossing at Farnham is one of the most misused in the Network Rail Wessex Region.[10] Between Farnham and Alton, the line parallels the north branch of the River Wey.[11]

Stations and services

[edit]
The current terminus at Alton, taken in February 1982

All five stations on the line—Ash Vale, Aldershot, Farnham, Bentley and Alton—are managed by South Western Railway (SWR), which operates all passenger services.[12] Aldershot and Alton have three platforms, although Platform 3 at the latter is used exclusively by the Watercress Line. The other stations have two platforms each.[2][a]

Three distinct passenger services run on the Alton line, all of which are operated by SWR:

Passenger services are typically operated by Class 450 electric multiple units,[16] although Class 701 units are expected to operate services north of Farnham via Ash Vale.[17]

Stations on the Alton line (ordered from north to south)
Station Distance from London Waterloo[4] Number of
platforms 		Opening date Original name Ref.
Ash Vale 32 mi 38 ch (52.3 km)
measured via Brookwood		 2 2 May 1890 North Camp & Ash Vale [18]
Aldershot 35 mi 00 ch (56.3 km)
measured via Brookwood		 3 2 May 1870 [19]
Farnham 40 mi 33 ch (65.0 km)
measured via Tongham		 2 9 October 1849 [20]
Bentley 44 mi 24 ch (71.3 km)
measured via Tongham		 2 July 1854 [21]
Alton 49 mi 13 ch (79.1 km)
measured via Tongham		 3
(2 for Alton line)		 28 July 1852
relocated 2 October 1865		 [22]

Farnham Traincare Depot

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Farnham Traincare Depot (51°12′18″N 0°48′37″W / 51.2051°N 0.8102°W / 51.2051; -0.8102) is located on Weydon Lane in Wrecclesham; it is close to the border between Surrey and Hampshire, in between Farnham and Bentley stations.

The depot was opened by the Southern Railway, at the time of the electrification of the Portsmouth and Alton lines in 1937. It was refurbished for the introduction of modern units when slam-door trains were replaced circa 2005. At the same time, disused quarry and ballast dump sidings behind the carriage shed were removed and a number of outdoor sidings were laid for overnight storage and servicing of units.

South Western Railway uses the depot, as part of their franchise agreement; it houses mainly Class 450 electric multiple units, but also Class 444 and Class 458 units.

More recently, the depot has been used as sidings for the Class 701 fleet pending their introduction to passenger service.

History

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Main article: Aldershot and Alton lines of the LSWR

The first railway line to Farnham opened in 1849 and was a branch from Guildford via Tongham. The line from Farnham to Alton opened on 28 July 1852. On 2 October 1865 the Alton, Aldershot & Winchester Railway extended the line from Alton to Winchester, with Alton station moving to a new site. On 2 May 1870 the present-day line from Brookwood to Farnham opened.[d] Alton became a junction station on 1 June 1901 when the Basingstoke and Alton Light Railway opened, temporarily closed 1917–1924 as the track was taken up for use in France during the First World War, but reopened after local pressure. Use was light and the line closed in 1933. On 1 June 1903 the Meon Valley Railway opened from Alton to Fareham on the south coast.

Historical timetables

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From 1937 to 1967, Alton trains ran fast from Waterloo to Surbiton and then ran all stations to Alton. They formed the front (country) end of an 8-car train that split at Woking with the rear 4 cars running to Portsmouth. The trains ran throughout the day and left Waterloo at 27 and 57 minutes past the hour and took exactly 80 minutes to reach Alton.[23] Additionally, there were trains in the rush hours that ran fast to Woking and then all stations – at 16:17, 18:14, and 18:17 (also stopping at Surbiton) to Farnham, and at 16:47, 17:17, 17:47 to Alton taking between 72 and 76 minutes. Trains from Waterloo to Alton from 05:25 to 08:25 left two minutes earlier than the standard departures and called at Wimbledon. All trains took the fast line from Waterloo to Surbiton. The last train in the evening was the 22:57 to Farnham, which ran to Alton on Wednesday and Saturday nights only, arriving at 00:17. On Sundays there was a 23:27 that only ran to Farnham. On weekdays the 17:27 and 19:27 had connections at Bentley to Bordon with a five-minute connection at Bentley and a journey time to Bordon of 15 minutes. The diminutive army town of Bordon had a very regular service on Sunday nights from Bentley.[23]

Nationalisation (1948–1996)

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Under the Transport Act 1947, the Alton line became part of the Southern Region of British Railways in 1948. A period of rationalisation began, starting with the dismantling of the disused track between Tongham and Farnham Junction.[24][e] The line between Ash Junction and Tongham was finally closed on 2 January 1961, having been used exclusively for freight services since 1937.[24][26] The signal box at Farnham Junction, which had been retained to increase the line capacity between Aldershot and Farnham, was closed in May 1964[27] and was demolished two years later.[28]

An M7 tank engine preparing to haul the final passenger service on the Meon Valley Railway on 5 February 1955.

Passenger services were withdrawn on the Meon Valley Railway on 5 February 1955,[29] although freight workings continued between Alton and Farringdon until August 1968. The Beeching report, published in March 1963, proposed that passenger services should be withdrawn between Alton and Winchester,[30][31] and this section of line closed on 7 February 1973.[32] Traffic from the Alton line to the Longmoor Military Railway (LMR) had declined after 1948 and the Bordon Light Railway closed on 4 April 1966, with the LMR closing on 31 October 1969.[33]

Aldershot Signal Box in November 1979

Rationalisation of the signalling system on the Alton line took place in the 1970s and early 1980s. "Farnham East" signal box closed 23 December 1973, with control of its area transferred to the existing "Farnham West" box.[34] Similarly, "Aldershot B" signal box closed on 3 April 1977, with control of the line south of the station being transferred to the "Aldershot A" box.[34] Bentley signal box closed on 19 December 1976[35] and the box at Alton shut on 28 September 1980.[36] Improvement works to stations in the same period included the construction of a new station building at Ash Vale in 1972,[37] and the renovation of the frontage of Aldershot station in 1988.[38] Also in 1988, new facilities for traincrew were provided at Farnham station.[39]

A Class 415 "4EPB" unit at Alton in 1980

Although the closure of the line between Farnham and Alton was never proposed, the decision was taken to remove one of the two tracks in that section. Single-line working was instituted in July 1985 and the passing loop at Bentley station was commissioned on 24 November that year.[40][41] Redundant materials from the project were used to extend the Isle_of_Wight_Steam_Railway from Ashley to Smallbrook Junction.[42] On 25 May 1985, the Watercress Line, which had started to run heritage trains between Ropley and Alresford in April 1977, began operating from Platform 3 at Alton station.[43]

In 1982, the railways in Surrey and Hampshire came under the control of the London and South East sector of BR, which was rebranded to Network SouthEast (NSE) in June 1986.[44][45] From 1989, the Alton line was part of the South West subsector of NSE and trains were run under the "Solent and Wessex" route brand.[46] In preparation for privatisation, the South West Trains shadow franchise began running trains on the South West subsector on 1 April 1994.[47]

Privatisation (1996-2025)

[edit]
A Class 458 unit at Aldershot: These trains were introduced to the Alton line by South West Trains in February 2000.[48]

South West Trains, a subsidiary of the Stagecoach Group, was awarded the franchise to operate passenger services between London Waterloo, west Surrey and Hampshire in December 1995.[49] The company, the first privatised train operator in the UK, began running trains the following February.[50] The franchise was renewed in 2002[51][52] and again in 2006.[53][54] In 2017, the franchise was won by South Western Railway, jointly owned by FirstGroup and MTR Corporation;[55] services were transferred to the new operator on 23 August that year.[56]

Infrastructure improvements on the route in the 2010s included the resignalling of the entire line in 2013, with control transferred to the Woking Area Signalling Centre. The project included the closure of the signal boxes at Ash Vale Junction, Aldershot and Farnham, and all three were later demolished.[57] In August 2019, a scheme to supply traction current to the line from a solar array was commissioned. Over 100 panels, capable of generating up to 30 kW were installed at a site adjacent to Aldershot station.[58]

The first major change to passenger services on the Alton line since electrification was the splitting of the Ascot–Guildford service: Two independent services, Ascot–Aldershot and Farnham–Guildford, now operate on weekdays and Saturdays, although the combined service continues to run on Sundays.[15][59] The change was made to allow a direct, half-hourly rail service between Farnham and Guildford.[60]

The Alton Line Users Association closed down in May 2022, having represented the interests of rail travellers on the line since 1974.[61][62] The following month, a new Community Rail Partnership was launched covering stations between Alton, Ash Vale and Wanborough.[63]

In December 2024, the Department for Transport announced that it would transfer passenger operations on the Alton line to public control in May 2025, when the SWR franchise expires.[64][65]

Locomotives and rolling stock

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In the late 19th century, 4-4-2 tank engines designed by the LSWR Mechanical Engineer, William Adams, worked trains between Ascot and Farnham.[66] Tank engines designed by his successor, Dugald Drummond, worked semi-fast services between London and Alton.[67] From 1902, Q class 0-4-4T locomotives are known to have operated the Ash-Aldershot shuttle services, and replaced by P Class 0-6-0 tank engines in the mid-1920s.[68]

LSWR C8 class locomotives were introduced to the line in 1903 and E10 class engines began running services the following year. In the 1920s, T9s and H15s were used to haul mixed-traffic trains. U class tender engines were introduced in 1928, replaced by D15 class locomotives in 1935.[69] An articulated rubber-tyred diesel railcar was tested on the line in May 1932, but it limited passenger capacity and inability to operate track circuits meant that it was not used in regular service thereafter.[70] In the years leading up to electrification of the line east of Alton in 1937, Waterloo to Winchester trains were hauled by H15, U and T14 locomotives.[71] During the Second World War, goods services were operated by Q1 class 0-6-0 locomotives.[72]

After the Second World War, most services that had not been converted to electric traction were hauled by M7 class tank engines.[73] A T9 locomotive is known to have hauled parcel trains[74] and freight services in the 1960s were operated by U class,[75][76] N class[77] and Standard Class 4 tender engines.[78]

A Class 421 "4CIG" unit at Aldershot in November 1979

Following electrification of the Alton line in 1937, passenger services were run by Class 404 "4COR"[79][80] and Class 401 "2BIL" units.[81] Class 402 "2HAL", Class 415 "4EPB" and Class 416 "2EPB" units worked on the line in the 1960s, as did "4SUB" units, which were retired in May 1972.[82] Following an extensive overhaul in 1977, Class 487 units were tested between Farnham and Alton before re-entering passenger service on the Waterloo & City line.[83] Class 421 "4CIG" and Class 423 "4VEP" units were used on the line in the 1980s and were withdrawn by South West Trains in May 2005.[84][85]

Class 456 units at Aldershot in November 2014: Although the units pictured are in a debranded Southern livery, they were operated by South West Trains at this point.

In February 2000, Class 458 units were deployed to the Alton line, initially running services to-and-from Waterloo via Woking.[48] Class 456 units were introduced to the Alton line on 23 March 2014, when they began operating between Ascot and Guildford via Aldershot. Based at Wimbledon depot, the 2-carriage units regularly ran in pairs on this route. The Class 456s were withdrawn from passenger service by SWR on 15 January 2022.[86][87]

Alton line trains are predominantly operated by Class 450 units, but Class 444 units are also scheduled to operate selected services.[88] Class 701 units are expected to operate services north of Farnham.

Freight

[edit]

When the first part of the Alton line opened in 1949, a public freight yard was provided at Farnham station.[89] It was used by local breweries that had previously transported their ale from Winchfield station on the South West Main Line.[11][f] A public freight siding at Tongham was also provided from the outset, but the station there did not open until October 1856.[89]

Construction of the Aldershot Gas Works was authorised by the Aldershot Gas and Water Act 1896. A 1 mi (1.6 km) branch from Tongham station was built to supply the facility with coal.[90] Although the line to the gas works closed in the mid-1950s,[24] goods trains carrying agricultural produce continued to run twice weekly from Tongham. The last freight train, carrying sugar beet, departed Tongham for Guildford on 31 December 1960.[91][g]

In 1903, a siding was installed at Weydon Lane for Thomas Patterson, a gravel merchant.[26] The adjacent quarry was served by a 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge railway.[92] Much of the site was used for the construction of Farnham carriage shed in 1937, although the gravel siding continued in use until 1968.[93] Spent ballast was sent for disposal at the site between 1934 and 1987.[94]

The public goods yards began to close in the mid-20th century, with the withdrawal of facilities at Farnham on 4 May 1950,[95] Bentley on 1 June 1964,[70] Alton on 6 January 1969[70][36] and at Aldershot on 6 October 1975.[96]

An oil train (left) passes Farnham Traction Depot in August 2016

Crude oil was discovered at the Humbly Grove Oil Field, the second-largest onshore oil field in the UK, in 1980.[97][98] Starting on 4 June 1986 oil was transported in a pipeline to Holybourne Oil Terminal, between Bentley and Alton, where it was loaded into tankers and was taken by rail to Fawley Refinery.[70][97] The oil train typically ran two or three times per week[99][100] and reversed at Alton station to allow the diesel locomotive to run around.[101] By the mid-2010s, the unloading equipment at the Fawley terminal was approaching the end of its working life and the decision was taken to discontinue the rail operation.[100] The last oil train from the Holybourne terminal, hauled by a Class 66 locomotive, ran on 1 September 2016[99] and thereafter oil was transported from Humbly Grove by road tanker.[100]

Accidents and incidents

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  • 26 December 1901: A fireman was struck on the head and killed when his train to Waterloo passed under a low bridge shortly after leaving Farnham station. He had been working in the coal bunker of his locomotive.[102]
  • 12 July 1905: A track worker died after being struck by a train at Farnham Junction.[103]
  • 11 July 1925: A track worker died after being struck by a train at Farnham Junction.[104]
  • 10 May 1981: A man died after being struck by a train in Foxhills Tunnel. He had been attempting to hide from the police.[105]
  • 13 August 2006: A landslip at Foxhills Tunnel prevented trains from running between Brookwood and Ash Vale for five days.[106][107]
  • 13 April 2016: A landslip at Wrecclesham closed the line between Farnham and Alton. A temporary speed limit over the affected section had been imposed on 1 April. The embankment was stabilised and the line reopened on 4 May 2016.[108][109] Later that year, the drainage of the affected site was improved and a retaining wall was constructed to reduce the risk of further landslips.[110]

Notes

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  1. ^ Most trains use Platform 1 at Bentley; Platform 2 is used when trains need to pass, generally only at peak times.[13]
  2. ^ On Sundays, trains between London Waterloo and Alton split from and join to trains serving Basingstoke at Woking.[14]
  3. ^ a b On Sundays, the Ascot–Aldershot and Farnham–Guildford services are combined. Trains reverse at Aldershot and do not serve Farnham.[15]
  4. ^ At Pirbright Junction, between Brookwood near Woking in Surrey and Farnborough in Hampshire.
  5. ^ In the early 1990s, the A31 dual carriageway was built over the former alignment of the line between Tongham and Farnham Junction.[25]
  6. ^ Before the Alton line opened, the promoters estimated that brewers in the Farnham and Alton areas were expected to transport 145,000 barrels of ale annually via the new railway.[11]
  7. ^ The goods facility at Ash Green Halt was closed on 1 December 1926.[26]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Network Specification: Wessex" 2016, p. 5.
  2. ^ a b c d e Bridge 2017, pp. 18–19.
  3. ^ a b c d "Route Specifications" 2016, pp. 71–74.
  4. ^ a b c d "Sectional Appendix" 2009, SW120.
  5. ^ a b "Sectional Appendix" 2009, SW105.
  6. ^ Puddicombe, Daniel (1 September 2022). "Making the Connection". Steam Railway. No. 535. pp. 6–13.
  7. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 36.
  8. ^ a b Williams 1973, p. 64.
  9. ^ Jebens 1996, pp. 16–17.
  10. ^ White, Marcus (15 July 2024). "Near misses and risk-taking filmed at crossings". BBC News. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  11. ^ a b c Williams 1968, p. 183.
  12. ^
  13. ^ Roberts, Stephen (2 January 2019). "Military Service and Movie Memories". RAIL. No. 869. pp. 58–64.
  14. ^ a b "10: Basingstoke, Alton and Aldershot to London Waterloo" (PDF). South Western Railway. 15 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  15. ^ a b c d "12: Guildford to Farnham and Ascot via Aldershot" (PDF). South Western Railway. 15 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
  16. ^ "Class 450 "Desiro"". South Western Railway. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  17. ^ "Arterio". South Western Railway. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
  18. ^ Quick 2023, p. 56.
  19. ^ Quick 2023, p. 47.
  20. ^ Quick 2023, p. 190.
  21. ^ Quick 2023, p. 78.
  22. ^ Quick 2023, p. 50.
  23. ^ a b "British Railways Southern Region Timetable". September 1950. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  24. ^ a b c Jackson 1999, p. 53.
  25. ^ "Major road scheme gets council's seal of approval". Farnham Mail. No. 6289. 11 September 1990. p. 7.
  26. ^ a b c Robertson, Kevin (July 2017). "Guildford to Winchester: The Facts and the Forgotten". Southern Way. No. 38. Manchester: Crécy Publishing Ltd. pp. 83–90. ISBN 978-1-90-932863-1.
  27. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 62.
  28. ^ Course 1974, p. 58.
  29. ^ Course 1974, p. 206.
  30. ^ Beeching 1963a, p. 107.
  31. ^ Beeching 1963b, Map 9.
  32. ^ Baker 1987, p. 142.
  33. ^ Maggs 2010, p. 116.
  34. ^ a b Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 54.
  35. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 93.
  36. ^ a b Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 113.
  37. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 43.
  38. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 57.
  39. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 78.
  40. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Figs 79, 80.
  41. ^ Jackson 1999, p. 105.
  42. ^ Johnston, Howard (15 May 1991). "Around the regions". RAIL. No. 148. pp. 20–21.
  43. ^ Maggs 2012, p. 120.
  44. ^ Brown & Jackson 1990, pp. 7–8.
  45. ^ Brown & Jackson 1990, p. 12.
  46. ^ Brown & Jackson 1990, pp. 11, 15.
  47. ^ Moore, Toby (18 March 1994). "South West Trains on track to private sector". The Daily Telegraph. No. 43191. p. 29.
  48. ^ a b Marsden 2008, pp. 149, 151.
  49. ^ Prynn, Jonathan (6 December 1995). "Stagecoach will take over South West Trains". The Times. No. 65442. London. p. 2.
  50. ^ Prynn, Jonathan (2 February 1996). "A method is emerging from the 'madness' of the rail gamble". The Times. No. 65492. London. p. 25.
  51. ^ "SRA cuts SWT's new franchise plan from 20 years to just three". RAIL. No. 448. 13 November 2002. p. 4.
  52. ^ "Commuter train firm suffers blow". BBC News. 6 November 2002. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  53. ^ "Stagecoach wins railway franchise". BBC News. 22 September 2006. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  54. ^ "21-year Time Team". Modern Railways. 24 August 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  55. ^ "South West Trains: Hong Kong firm MTR to help run rail franchise". BBC News. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  56. ^ "South Western Railway". Modern Railways. 21 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  57. ^ Ledward, John (February 2023). "Southern Signal Boxes". Southern Way. No. 59. Manchester: Crécy Publishing Ltd. pp. 75–89. ISBN 978-1-80-035265-0.
  58. ^ Clifton, Paul (11 September 2019). "Working on Sunshine…". RAIL. No. 887. pp. 58–59.
  59. ^ Doe, Barry (19 June 2019). "A Change of Heart… NRT hopes rekindled". RAIL. No. 881. pp. 72–79.
  60. ^ "Rail users welcome SWR timetable consultation". Farnham Herald. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  61. ^ Coates, Paul (19 April 2022). "Alton to London railway line users' group needs new leadership". Farnham Herald. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  62. ^ Gee, Daniel (24 May 2022). "Alton Line Users Association votes to disband – on the same night as rail strike confirmed". Alton Herald. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  63. ^ "More volunteer groups on SWR". RAIL. No. 959. 15 June 2022. p. 14.
  64. ^ Loughran, Jack (4 December 2024). "Rail nationalisation: Public ownership of first three operators announced for 2025". Engineering and Technology. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  65. ^ Topham, Gwyn (4 December 2024). "South Western Railway to become the first train operator nationalised under Labour". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  66. ^ Hay 1986, Fig. 75.
  67. ^ Ellis 1962, p. 169.
  68. ^ Kidner 1974, p. 58.
  69. ^ Hardingham 1995, p. 44.
  70. ^ a b c d Maggs 2010, p. 74.
  71. ^ Hardingham 1995, p. 45.
  72. ^ Hay 1986, Fig. 77.
  73. ^ Course 1974, p. 63.
  74. ^ Hay 1986, Fig. 79.
  75. ^ Hay 1986, Fig. 80.
  76. ^ Dart 2014, p. 44.
  77. ^ Dart 2014, p. 43.
  78. ^ Dart 2014, p. 36.
  79. ^ Robertson 2008, p. 100.
  80. ^ Wragg 2003, p. 82.
  81. ^ Wragg 2003, pp. 84, 87.
  82. ^ Welch 2003, pp. 21–23.
  83. ^ Glover 1982, p. 94.
  84. ^ de Souza 2019, p. 61.
  85. ^ Waller, Peter (August 2024). "Class 4VEP EMUs". Southern Way. No. 65. Manchester: Crécy Publishing Ltd. pp. 26–45. ISBN 978-1-80-035305-3.
  86. ^ Waller, Peter (November 2023). "Class 456 Farewell". Southern Way. No. 62. Manchester: Crécy Publishing Ltd. pp. 21–31. ISBN 978-1-80-035274-2.
  87. ^ Clifton, Paul (26 January 2022). "SWR withdraws '456s' following service cuts". RAIL. No. 949. pp. 10–11.
  88. ^ de Souza 2019, p. 57.
  89. ^ a b Jackson 1999, p. 52.
  90. ^ Jackson 1999, p. 191.
  91. ^ "Romance brought up the last ten-five". Surrey Advertiser. No. 12041. 4 January 1961. p. 6.
  92. ^ Jackson 1999, p. 203.
  93. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 80.
  94. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 81.
  95. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 77.
  96. ^ Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 56.
  97. ^ a b Mitchell & Smith 1988, Fig. 107.
  98. ^ Davis, Jonathan (4 May 1980). "Oil fever on the A32 at Basingstoke". Sunday Telegraph. No. 996. p. 22.
  99. ^ a b Clifton, Paul (14 September 2016). "Branch line in limbo as last Fawley oil train runs". RAIL. No. 809. pp. 16–17.
  100. ^ a b c de Souza 2019, p. 56.
  101. ^ Gough 2001, p. 77.
  102. ^ "Fatality on the railway". Surrey Advertiser. Vol. LV, no. 5131. 30 December 1901. p. 4.
  103. ^ "Fatality on the railway". Surrey Advertiser. Vol. LXIII, no. 5685. 17 July 1905. p. 3.
  104. ^ "Railway ganger's sad death". Surrey Advertiser. Vol. CIII, no. 8728. 15 July 1925. p. 4.
  105. ^ "Mystery of headless body solved". Aldershot News and Mail. No. 4494. 14 July 1981. p. 1.
  106. ^ "Landslide update: Alton line services". South West Trains. 17 August 2006. Archived from the original on 8 April 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  107. ^ "Whoosh and rain water flooded in". Surrey Live. 3 July 2013 [18 August 2006]. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
  108. ^ "Farnham and Alton railway line to reopen after landslip". BBC News. 29 April 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  109. ^ "Farnham and Alton railway line shut amid safety fears". BBC News. 14 April 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  110. ^ "Network Rail to rebuild embankment at site of Surrey railway landslip". Network Rail. 30 August 2016. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020.

Bibliography

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51°9′56″N 0°57′58.48″W / 51.16556°N 0.9662444°W / 51.16556; -0.9662444

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