The Red Flag
 A red flag being waved on International Workers' Day in Madrid | |
Party anthem of Labour Party (UK), Social Democratic and Labour Party (Northern Ireland) and Labour Party (Ireland) | |
| Lyrics | Jim Connell, 1889 |
|---|---|
| Music | Melchior Franck, 16th century |
| Audio sample | |
The Red Flag sung in 1926 | |
"The Red Flag" (Roud V45381) is a socialist song, emphasising the sacrifices and solidarity of the international labour movement. It is the anthem of the British Labour Party,[1][2] the Northern Irish Social Democratic and Labour Party and the Irish Labour Party.[3] It was used by the New Zealand Labour Party until the late 1940s.[4] The song is traditionally sung at the close of each party's national conference.[5]
Translated versions of the song are sung by the Japanese Communist Party and Korean People's Army.[6]
History
[edit]Irishman Jim Connell wrote the song's lyrics in 1889 in Nicholas Donovan's house.[7] There are six stanzas, each followed by the chorus. It is normally sung to the tune of "Lauriger Horatius", better known as the German carol "O Tannenbaum" ("O Christmas Tree"), though Connell had wanted it sung to the tune of a pro-Jacobite Robert Burns anthem, "The White Cockade".[8] The use of the tune of "O Tannenbaum" was popularised by British socialist writer Adolphe Smith Headingley in the 1890s; Connell disapproved of the tune which he regarded as "church music" and conservative by nature.[9][10][11]
When Billy Bragg recorded the song in 1990 with Scottish folk singer Dick Gaughan, he sang it to this original "White Cockade" melody. The lyrics of the first verse and the chorus, which are the most well-known parts of the song, are as follows:
The people's flag is deepest red,
It shrouded oft our martyred dead
And ere their limbs grew stiff and cold,
Their hearts' blood dyed its every fold.
So raise the scarlet standard high,
Beneath its shade we'll live and die,
Though cowards flinch and traitors sneer,
We'll keep the red flag flying here.[12]
"The Red Flag" resonated with the early radical workers' movement in the United States, and it appeared as the first song in the first edition of the Little Red Songbook of the Industrial Workers of the World in 1909. Only five of the six stanzas were printed, omitting the fourth stanza that begins, "It well recalls the triumphs past."[13] In a 1913 article for the Industrial Worker, the celebrated IWW bard Joe Hill rejected the category of "the people" as middle class, and suggested a further change to the song. Referring to his experiences in the Magonista rebellion of 1911,[14] he wrote:
When the Red Flag was flying in Lower California there were not any of "the people" in the ranks of the rebels. Common working stiffs and cow-punchers were in the majority, with a little sprinkling of "outlaws," whatever that is. [...] Well, it is about time that every rebel wakes up to the fact that "the people" and the workingclass [sic] have nothing in common. Let us sing after this "The Workers' flag is deepest red" and to hell with "the people."[15]
The song spread throughout the globe spurred on by the Workers Movement and their quest for a better life, reaching many a remote country. For example, "The Red Flag” was played by the Runanga Band at the conclusion of a burial service for Henry John Morris (AKA Harry, born Henry John Vaughan, 1880-1920) in Greymouth, New Zealand on 11 January 1920. Henry had left Wales for New Zealand in 1908, in part to work in Government Mines far removed from the rugged employment conditions of family-owned mines in Wales. Henry became locally prominent in the Socialist and Labour Movement,[16] as he had been at home in Wales,[17] which is reflected in his last wish for "The Red Flag” to be played at his burial.[18]
In 1982 two very different versions of the song were issued, Shakin Stevens recorded a rock & roll cover of the song known as "Red Flag Rock", while ex-Soft Machine singer and drummer Robert Wyatt included a version on his collection of socialist and resistance songs "Nothing Can Stop Us".
Use by the British Labour Party
[edit]"The Red Flag" has been the British Labour Party's official anthem from its founding; its annual party conference closes with the song. "The Red Flag" was first sung in the House of Commons on 1 August 1945, when Parliament convened after Clement Attlee's Labour defeat of Winston Churchill's Conservatives.[19] Dockers in London were regarded as militant socialists ever since their strike in 1889 for the "dockers' tanner." In the 1950s, at the end of public meetings with management, dockers filling the main floor of the hall sang "The Red Flag" while superintendents and managers (usually segregated in the gallery) simultaneously sang "God Save the Queen". "The Red Flag" was sung by Labour MPs on 27 May 1976, allegedly prompting Michael Heseltine to swing the parliamentary mace above his head.[20]
It was also sung on the evening of 28 March 1979 when a motion of no confidence brought down the Labour Government.[21] It was sung again in Parliament in February 2006 to mark the centenary of the Labour Party's founding. It was sung in the House of Commons once more in September 2019 in protest at the prorogation of parliament.[22]
During the Tony Blair government it was claimed the leadership sought to downplay the use of the song,[1][23] but it is often sung at the end of party conferences, along with Jerusalem.[24][25] Following the 2015 election of veteran socialist Jeremy Corbyn as Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition, "The Red Flag" was sung as he and his supporters celebrated in The Sanctuary, a public house in London.[26]
Lyrics
[edit]The People's Flag is deepest red,
It shrouded oft our martyred dead,
And ere their limbs grew stiff and cold,
Their hearts' blood dyed its every fold.
Chorus:
Then raise the scarlet standard high.
Beneath its shade we'll live and die,
Though cowards flinch and traitors sneer,
We'll keep the red flag flying here.
(chorus)
It waved above our infant might,
When all ahead seemed dark as night;
It witnessed many a deed and vow,
We must not change its colour now.
(chorus)
It well recalls the triumphs past,
It gives the hope of peace at last;
The banner bright, the symbol plain,
Of human right and human gain.
(chorus)
It suits today the weak and base,
Whose minds are fixed on pelf and place
To cringe before the rich man's frown,
And haul the sacred emblem down.
(chorus)
With head uncovered swear we all
To bear it onward till we fall;
Come dungeons dark or gallows grim,
This song shall be our parting hymn.
(chorus)
Alternative versions
[edit]
A famous song of the Italian labour movement has the same title (though in Italian): "Bandiera Rossa", but different lyrics and tune, as does the French song "Le drapeau rouge", known in English as "The Standard of Revolt".
The melody is used in Harold Baum's "The Michaelis Anthem" in The Biochemists' Songbook.[27]
Parodies
[edit]"The Red Flag" was parodied by singer-songwriter Leon Rosselson as the "Battle Hymn of the New Socialist Party," also known as "The Red Flag Once a Year" or "The People's Flag Is Palest Pink." It is intended to satirise the perceived lack of socialist principles in the Labour Party. The initial parody was widely known in the 1960s, sometimes sung during late night parties at student conferences. It was revived in the early 2000s in response to the centrist reforms associated with Tony Blair.[28] A version which began "The people's flag is palest pink, mum washed it in the kitchen sink" was popular among schoolchildren in the 1950s, which may have inspired Rosselson's version. A version can be found as far back as 1920 in "Through Bolshevik Russia" by Ethel Snowden.
A version of the lyrics sung regularly at the Liberal Democrats' Glee Club, also dated to the mid-1960s, is:
The people's flag is palest pink,
It's not as red as most folk think.
We must not let the people know
What socialists thought long ago.
Don't let the scarlet banner float;
We want the middle classes' vote.
Let our old fashioned comrades sneer,
We'll stay in power for many a year.[29]
The anarcho-syndicalist punk band Chumbawamba's "Reubens has been Shot" parodied the song which conflated "The Red Flag" and "Oh Christmastree", which share a common tune, to suggest the corruption or wilting of the Labour movement's original values:
Oh Christmas tree, oh Christmas tree
How bent your branches seem to be
Nineteen twenty-one and all's well
Another fifteen years and we'll be laughing in hell
One bullet straight through the heart
Rubens caught a ricochet, Durer's lady cried today
Cracked old masters up against the wall
Blue-faced Wendy Woolworth--she's seen it all
Housepainter, housepainter
Hanging your swastika wallpaper
Rows of pretty cabbageheads to gobble up your words
Laughing along to your blah, blah, blah[30]
A parody of unknown origin is known as "The Foreman's Job",[31] and this is sometimes considered a rugby song.[32] This has many variants but usually begins:
The working class can kiss my arse
I got the foreman's job at last.
You can tell old Joe I'm off the dole
He can stick his Red Flag up his 'ole!
This parody, reflecting the humorously perceived position of the Labour Party in the 2020s, is by Jeremy Humphries.
For workers we no longer fight –
Rebranded now, we're Tory-lite.
Keir Hardie, well, he's real old hat –
Keir Starmer now is where it's at.
Concern for you has mostly gone,
Unless you live in Islington.
We care not for the working class,
So stick the red flag up your arse.
Football chants
[edit]A version of "The Red Flag" with similar lyrics entitled "We'll Never Die" is the official anthem of Manchester United F.C.:
We’ll never die, we’ll never die
We’ll never die, we’ll never die
We’ll keep the red flag flying high
'Cos Man United never die
A similar football chant is also sung regularly by supporters of Sunderland AFC:
Flying high up in the sky,
We'll keep the red flag flying high,
Wherever you go you're sure to know,
We'll keep the red flag flying high.
Supporters of Bristol City F.C. (also known as ciderheads) sing the same version with a third line of "Ciderheads until we die". AFC Bournemouth fans sing the third line as "Dean Court to Wembley", and Wrexham A.F.C. supporters end with:
On the road to victory,
We'll keep the Welsh flag flying high.
Chelsea F.C. fans sing a version of the song called "The Blue Flag":
From Stamford Bridge to Wembley
We'll keep the blue flag flying high
Flying high up in the sky
We'll keep the Blue flag flying high
From Stamford Bridge to Wembley
We'll keep the blue flag flying high
Northampton Town F.C. supporters have their own adaptation "The Fields Are Green":
The fields are green, the sky is blue
The River Nene goes winding through
The Market Square is cobblestoned
It shakes the old dears to the bones
No finer town you'll ever see
No finer town there'll ever be
Big city lights don't bother me
Northampton Town, I'm proud to be!
Leeds United fans sing a version of the song called "Forever and Ever":
Forever and ever
We'll follow our team
We're Leeds United, we rule supreme
We'll never be mastered, by you,
By you f*cking b*stards
We'll keep the white flag flying high
Supporters of Wolverhampton Wanderers sing a version of the song called "The Gold Flag"
We’ll never die, we’ll never die
We’ll never die, we’ll never die
We're Wanderers, we'll never die
We'll keep the gold flag flying high
The Net Flag
[edit]A version of "The Red Flag" with similar lyrics entitled "The Net Flag"[33] was introduced near the inception of the World Wide Web:
The people's web is deepest red,
And oft it's killed our routers dead.
But ere the bugs grew ten days old,
The patches fixed the broken code.
So raise the open standard high
Within its codes we'll live or die
Though cowards flinch and Bill Gates sneers
We'll keep the net flag flying here.
In popular culture
[edit] |
The 2001 Hong Kong film Running Out of Time 2 ends with "The Red Flag" at a Christmas party, when it is revealed that the magician-thief made charitable donations to African children.
"The Red Flag" is sung in the 2018 film Red Joan at a Cambridge University socialist meeting circa 1938 attended by the young protagonist (portrayed by Sophie Cookson) and her romantic interest Leo (portrayed by Tom Hughes).
The tune also appears in the title sequence of popular 1970’s UK sitcom Citizen Smith, which is about a Marxist revolutionary living in Tooting, London.
Episode 3, in season 4 of the TV show The Boys (TV series) is titled "We'll Keep The Red Flag Flying Here", a reference to the final lyric of the chorus of "The Red Flag".
Recordings
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "The Red Flag ends Labour rally". BBC News. 1 October 1999. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ "Labour Party Anthems – Top 10 songs the Labour Party has used over the years". Daily Mirror. 7 April 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ Hennessy, Mark (19 November 2007). "Party delegates adopt Red Flag as anthem". The Irish Times. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
- ^ Trevett, Claire (21 October 2014). "Like a cult and too red – Parker on Labour". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
- ^ Alwyn W. Turner (5 September 2013). A Classless Society: Britain in the 1990s. Aurum Press. pp. 258–9. ISBN 978-1-78131-142-4.
- ^ Lee, Jae-won (17 February 2014). "법원 "'적기가' 부른 이석기 국보법 위반"…'적기가' 뭔지 보니" [Court rules 'The Red Flag' song a violation of the Korean National Security Law...I see what 'The Red Flag' song is] (in Korean). Money Today. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
- ^ It first appeared in print in the paper Justice, 21 December 1889, under the heading "A Christmas Carol", with subheadings, "The Red Flag", "Air – 'The White Cockade'", and was signed "J. Connell".
- ^ Jim Connell, "How I Wrote the "Red Flag," The Call, May 6, 1920, p. 5; reprinted in Archie Green, David Roediger, Franklin Rosemont, and Salvatore Salerno, editors, The Big Red Songbook (Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 2007), pp. 367–369.
- ^ Millar, Stephen (2020). Sounding Dissent: Rebel Songs, Resistance, and Irish Republicanism. University of Michigan Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-472-13194-5.
- ^ Smith, Laurajane; Shackel, Paul; Campbell, Gary (23 May 2012). Heritage, Labour and the Working Classes. Routledge. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-136-69853-8.
- ^ Hannavy, John (16 December 2013). Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography. Routledge. p. 644. ISBN 978-1-135-87327-1.
- ^ Dr Helena Sheehan. "The Red Flag (sound files)". Webpages.dcu.ie. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- ^ Archie Green et al., eds., The Big Red Songbook, pp. 37–39.
- ^ Rosemont, Franklin (2015). Joe Hill: The IWW & the Making of a Revolutionary Workingclass Counterculture, Second Edition. Oakland, CA: PM Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-62963-119-6.
- ^ Kornbluh, Joyce L. Thompson, Fred, 1900–1987. Rosemont, Franklin. (2011). Rebel voices : an IWW anthology. PM Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-60486-846-3. OCLC 829171847.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Grey River Argus, 10 January 1920, Page 3, https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GRA19200110.2.13, Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ The Aberdare Leader, 29 August 1908, Page 3, https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3577919/3577922/25/, Retrieved 4 February 2023.
- ^ Grey River Argus, 12 January 1920, Page 2, https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/GRA19200112.2.7, Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- ^ Glazer, Joe (2001). Labor's Troubadour. University of Illinois Press. p. 183. ISBN 9780252026126.
- ^ "UK | UK Politics | Mace – Commons". BBC News. 9 October 2008. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
- ^ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 28 | 1979: Early election as Callaghan defeated". BBC News. 28 March 1979. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
- ^ "Chaotic scenes in the Commons as parliament is suspended". The Guardian.
- ^ Hoggart, Simon (28 September 2007). "Red Flag rises above a dodgy future". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
- ^ "Labour conference closes with Red Flag and Jerusalem". BBC News Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
- ^ Peter Hitchens (26 March 2010). The Cameron Delusion. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 181. ISBN 978-1-4411-2390-9.
- ^ Dearden, Lizzie (12 September 2015). "Jeremy Corbyn celebrates election as Labour leader by singing The Red Flag at victory party". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- ^ "The Biochemists' Songbook MP3 Files". California State University, Long Beach. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
- ^ The Socialist Party – songs Archived 28 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Liberator Collective (2013). The Liberator Songbook (24 ed.). Liberator. p. 12.
- ^ Chumbawamba, Slap, Agit Pop records, 1990 (PROP 7)
- ^ Joe Glazer (2002). Labor's Troubadour. University of Chicago Press. p. 184.
- ^ Bob Liftig (2008). The Baby Bomber Chronicles. AuthorHouse. p. 149.
- ^ "Chapter 2". www.w3.org. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Red Flag, Green Roots".
External links
[edit]
- The Red Flag – full text of lyrics online from Fordham University
- The Red Flag: the song, the man, the monument
- English version from the Marxists Internet Archive
- A version with an original melody from Cape Breton Island Protest Songs
